Typically, the composition of the hiking kit physician selected from among the participants, and if one does not, then it is prescribed. We shall deal with the universal kit, which is suitable for most categorical hikes.* Bandages. 4.3 wide bandage roll is enough in a pinch, you can use the means at hand.
* Sterile gauze. 1 box - 20 pieces. Convenient to use when applying bandages on deep open wounds that can be used for tamponade (stop) when bleeding from large vessels.
* Antiseptic wipes. Usually, saturated with alcohol or other antiseptic alcohol-based, each individually wrapped in tissue paper. You can use the toilet when the wounds and to treat the skin before injections.
* Antiseptic solution (Zelenka, iodine). You can use alcohol taken for the purposes of paramedics. Better to take the hydrogen peroxide, or tablets gidroperita, but need water to breed, which is not always convenient.
* Disposable syringes. 5 ml of 5.6 units, 20 ml of 2 pieces.
* Wiring. In cold weather conditions during blending should not exceed 30-60 minutes. In warm, 60-90 minutes.
* Chelators. Enterosgel, for example, Polyphepan or banal activated charcoal suit any of them. This is the first aid for poisoning. Should not be given concurrently with drugs, since they bear all the adsorbed (in short, the effect of the drug will not). Gap must be an hour 3.
* Antibiotics. It is better to use some kind of broad-spectrum drugs, such as Amoxiclav or ofloksin. Doses can be viewed in the abstract, but if you are using antibiotics, it is necessary to give an adequate dose (not to do less, make it less harmful - will be far more harmful and therapeutic effects do not get), and finish the course, ie, 5-7 days to accept, instead of throwing on the second day because it was better. Some drugs, for example, the same ofloksin, increases the photosensitivity of the skin - important where an active sun, that there were no burns - the use of sunscreen, etc.
* Analgesics / antipyretics. On Narcotic Drugs will not speak, because they are difficult to obtain, and transporting and storing them can cause problems with the law.
o Analgin. In the medicine cabinet 5 ampoules of 2 ml 50% solution. Analgin has a very pronounced analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. As soluble and easily absorbed drug, it is particularly suitable for use in cases where the need to quickly establish a high blood concentration of the drug. The good solubility makes it possible to widely use analgin for parenteral administration. Apply analgin for pain of different origin (headache, neuralgia, radiculitis, myositis), feverish conditions, influenza, rheumatism, chorea. Tablets better not to get involved, more useful in a really serious situation injections. Ampoule is also possible to drink - the effectiveness of the same.
o baralgina. In the medicine cabinet 3 ampoules of 5 ml. The combination of analgesic with antispasmodics. Indications are the same as that for analgin, plus not necessarily with a take no-silos.
o ketoprofen. This drug comes in tablets and it has a more pronounced analgesic effect than the above listed medications. In the kit is better to include a number of different drugs and navigate the application for the situation.
* Local Anesthetics. The only use them only for fractures at the fracture site can be pumped to 20-40 ml of anesthetic that will give a certain analgesic effect did not last long, but enough to produce immobilization. You can use novocaine 0.25, 0.5%.
* Antihistamines. If someone has an allergy, it is better to take your own supply of pills, just in case as a severe reaction is not more than would have in the medicine cabinet and Ampouled drugs.
o Diphenhydramine. In the medicine cabinet 3 ampoules of 1 ml of 1% solution. An important feature of dimedrola is its sedative effect, which has some similarities with the action of neuroleptic substances in appropriate doses, it has a hypnotic effect. Is also a mild antiemetic. Diphenhydramine is used mainly in the treatment of urticaria, hay fever, serum sickness, hemorrhagic vasculitis (kapillyarotoksikoza), vasomotor rhinitis, angioedema, itching dermatosis, acute iridocyclitis, allergic conjunctivitis and other allergic diseases, allergic complications from taking various medications, including antibiotics . The pharmacy can ask for the recipe.
* Antiemetics.
o Metoclopramide. In the medicine cabinet 2 ampoules of 2 ml. The drug has antiemetic effect, calms the hiccups, and in addition, has a regulating effect on the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Tone and motor activity of the digestive system stronger. Gastric secretion is not changed. Metoclopramide is used as an antiemetic for nausea, vomiting associated with anesthesia, radiation therapy, side effects of medications (digitalis drugs, cytostatics, antibiotics, etc.), violations of the diet and others vomiting vestibular origin it has no effect. Metoclopramide is used inside, and in severe cases, parenteral. Inside adults usually give 10 mg (1 tablet) 3 times a day (before meals). Intramuscular (or intravenous) administered 1 ampoule (2 ml = 10 mg) 1 - 3 times a day. Children prescribed in smaller doses according to age (children older than 6 years: 1 / 2 - 1 tablet 3 times a day).
* Corticosteroids. This potent medications that should be used only when absolutely necessary. Recommend taking 6.3 ampoules of prednisolone (90-180mg) (1 ml - 30 mg) and 2-3 ampules of 2 ml of dexamethasone.
o Prednisone. Available in ampoules of 30mg. Indications for use: As a water-soluble drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly for emergency treatment for conditions requiring a rapid increase in the concentration of glucocorticoids in the body (acute adrenal insufficiency, acute allergic reactions, asthmatic status, shock, etc.). Usually administered first intravenously, then drip. When shocked single dose of 50 - 150 mg (in severe cases up to 400 mg). Re-injected after 3 - 4 hours. Daily dose of 300 - 1200 mg. In acute adrenal insufficiency single dose of 100 - 200 mg daily 300 - 400 mg. When asthmatic status imposed on 500 - 1200 mg / day with subsequent reduction in dose of 300 - 150 - 100 mg per day. In the case of severe allergic reactions are introduced to 100 - 200 mg per day. Duration of treatment depends on the nature of the disease, the patient's condition and therapeutic efficacy. If you can not intravenous drug use intramuscularly.
o Dexamethasone. In action on the body it is close to other corticosteroids, but more active, has a strong anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effect. On the effectiveness of 0.5 mg dexamethasone or about 3.5 mg of prednisone, so he is in 7 times more active than prednisolone. Introduced as intravenous and intramuscular injection. Drugs can be purchased at the pharmacy, but most likely will need a doctor's prescription, or you can ask your friends to the hospital, drugs are not user and not in short supply.
* Adrenaline. Also emergency medicine and use it with care. A 3 ampoules of 1 ml - 0.1% solution. Inside the adrenaline is not indicated, since it is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract. Applied adrenaline in anaphylactic shock, allergic laryngeal edema, bronchial asthma (acute edema) and allergic reactions, developed during the application of drugs (penicillin, serum, etc.) and the action of other allergens. Adrenaline is an effective tool for removing bronhiolospazma in bronchial asthma. However, it acts not only on adrenergic receptors of bronchi (b2-adrenergic receptors), but also to myocardial adrenergic receptors (b1-adrenergic receptors), causing tachycardia and increased cardiac output, possibly worsening of myocardial oxygen supply. In addition, in connection with the excitation of a-adrenergic increase in blood pressure occurs. On the bronchi more selective action than adrenaline, have izadrin, ortsiprenalin and others previously widely used adrenaline to increase blood pressure in shock and collapse. At present, prefer to use for this purpose drugs selectively acting on a-adrenergic receptors (noradrenaline, mezaton, etc.). Epinephrine has a pronounced effect kardiostimuliruyuschy and effective in sharply reducing the excitability of the myocardium, but its use for this purpose is limited by the ability to cause arrythmia. Adrenaline is used as a local vasoconstrictor agent. The solution was added to mestnoanesteziruyuschim substances to extend their activities and to reduce bleeding, a solution of adrenaline immediately before use. To stop the bleeding is sometimes used tampons soaked with a solution of adrenaline.
Therapeutic doses of epinephrine hydrochloride for parenteral administration are generally for adults 0,3 - 0,5 - 0,75 ml of 1% solution, and the adrenaline hydrotartratis - the same amount of 0.18% solution. Children depending on age are introduced to 0,1 - 0,5 ml of these solutions. Higher doses of 0,1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride and 0.18% solution of adrenaline hydrotartratis for adults under the skin: single 1 ml, 5 ml daily. In the application of adrenaline observed increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, arrhythmias may occur, pain in the heart. Rhythm disturbances caused by adrenaline, prescribe b-blockers.
Epinephrine is contraindicated in hypertension, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes, pregnancy. The pharmacy may request a recipe or ask a friend the doctor.
* Diuretics. Is relevant only to furosemide, as in tablets and ampoules, should be used with caution in detoxification with adequate water load, after applying to take the drug potassium and potassium containing foods (raisins, apricots, etc.). In the medicine cabinet is enough 1-2 ampoules of 2 ml - 1% solution and 2-4 tablets 0.04g.
o Furosemide. Furosemide is a potent diuretic (salureticheskim) tool. Effective in oral and parenteral administration. The drug acts quickly. After intravenous diuretic effect begins within a few minutes after ingestion - in the first hour. Duration of action after a single intravenous injection of 1,5 - 3 h after ingestion - 4 hours or more. Rapid effect after intravenous injection enables the use of furosemide in urgent cases (pulmonary edema, brain, etc.).
* Respiratory and cardiovascular analeptics. In the medicine cabinet is enough to have 5 vials kordiamin and caffeine.
o kordiamin. Kordiamin used for poisoning with drugs, hypnotics, analgesics. Injected into a vein (slow), or under the skin or intramuscularly, the dose for adults 3 - 5 ml. Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections kordiamin painful, to reduce pain sometimes enter in pre-injection site procaine (1 ml of 0,5 - 1% solution). Higher doses for adults inside: single 2 ml (60 drops), daily dose of 6 ml (180 drops) under the skin: single 2 ml, 6 ml daily. The drug is contraindicated in predisposition to convulsive reactions. When possible overdose seizures.
o Caffeine. Caffeine is used in infectious and other diseases involving suppression functions of the CNS and the cardiovascular system in poisoning with drugs and other poisons, depressing the central nervous system, vascular spasm in the brain (migraine, etc.) to improve mental and physical capacity to eliminate sleepiness.
* Bellalgin. In a kit quite Packing - 10 tablets. Tablets containing atropine. Good help for pain in the stomach when poisoning and aggravated gastritis.
* Anti-inflammatory drugs. Desirable to have some anti-inflammatory ointment or cream diclofenac ketonal etc.
* Nitroglycerin. Not be amiss to have a medicine cabinet nitroglycerin (preferably in capsule or spray). The drug greatly reduces the pressure - to make a better sat, for about 15 minutes to sit.
* Ammonia. Sufficiently small vial.
* Sulfacetamide. The drug is effective in streptococcal, gonococcal, and the number of pneumococcal infections atsillyarnyh. Good solubility in water allows the use of drug injection; solutions instilled in konyunktivalny bag. In ophthalmic practice sulfatsil-sodium applied in the form of solutions (10 - 20 - 30%) and ointment (10 - 20 - 30%) with conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent corneal ulcers and other infectious diseases of the eye.
* Faringosept, Strepsils and similar drugs. Can be very useful when the first symptoms of the disease with angina and laryngitis. Also good to have a pill Frc - they can breed and gargle. In extreme cases, it can be a hypertonic salt solution, add a few drops of iodine - is good too.
* Rehydron. Rehydron and other similar drugs containing a set of necessary salts can be used for rehydration and a water load for detoxification in case of poisoning, and just to compensate for the lack of salt during prolonged heavy exercise is accompanied by profuse sweating.
* Cpazmolitiki. Also, do not interfere with a supply of drugs in tablets, as a rule, antispasmodics, such as no-shpy, and for the stomach, festal, smectite, another part is described above in the first team.
* Elastic bandage.
* Panthenol-spray. Panthenol-spray burns (very wonderful thing!) And other skin lesions.
* Antipyretics. Better soluble tablets.
Each participant must have its own necessary amount of drugs if he suffers some chronic diseases, or prone to allergies.
In any case, before going to consult with an experienced doctor about the need for and methods of use of any drug.
No comments:
Post a Comment