Rug or carpet?

Carpeting known to mankind since time immemorial. Handcrafted hard work, who held often for years, they have always been considered an essential attribute of luxury and comfort.

In the XX century. a number of new technologies, such as knitting, Raschel, the binding material is piled to the base by chemical means, needle felt carpets churning technology. With the advent of new technologies and the transition from manual to industrial production of carpets cease to be an attribute of housing only rich people and becoming widespread.
Let's try to explain the difference between the terms "carpet", "carpet"and "carpet"

Usually referred to as a carpet treated with the finished product margins, which can be laid on the floor is free, not fixed. Typically, woven carpets are made using natural fibers.


Carpet (or rather, rolled floor carpet) - it's a sheet, laid wall to wall under the plinth, which is an integral part of the floor and fixed on the floor of one method or another.
Carpet is a synonym for "carpet".
For example, the floor carpet is translated as "carpet material», broadloom - a carpet «from wall to wall», rug - carpet as a standalone product. Carpeting has the following advantages:

    * Carpet decorates the interior and improves comfort;
    * Soft carpet reduces the load on the spine and joints when walking, you feel better;
    * Not to slip on the carpet - it reduces the likelihood of injury;
    * Carpeting significantly reduce background noise ft indoors;
    * Carpet holds dust on its surface and does not give rise esch at walking and drafts;
    * Wear the carpet with the right care is very high;
    * Carpet can make the house warmer and reduce the costs ni heating.
Of course, for every application, there are special types of carpets, the purpose of which is determined, as a rule, the type of framework and material pile.By way of manufacturing carpets are divided into woven and nonwoven
Woven carpets are valued for durability, unlimited design possibilities, and grace of style. They are made from silk, wool or wool-synthetic additives. This is the oldest, slowest and most expensive method of making carpets. Distinguish woven carpets woven from very simple: from the inside they have seen the warp and pattern.
Non-woven carpets are mainly manufactured in two types: needle-punched and tufted (tufted).
Needle cover the cheapest. With needle-punched synthetic fiber production method on a platform suspended whipped huge amount of needles, until the mass becomes similar to the felt. Then the twisted fiber is fixed and latex on top to make a drawing. Thus get a very tight flexible homogeneous plate with embossed surface.
These carpets have little or no lint and are among the most durable. This carpet can be cleaned with water and cleaned in any way.

The vast majority of currently shipping carpets - tufted.
The main method of this technique - flash pile yarns woven base.
Structure of modern carpets are almost always the same. If you look at the carpet in the context of its surface to the bottom, you can identify the following components: the pile, the primary liner (base) and the secondary lining consisting of a pinning layer and the proper pads, usually made of foam rubber (latex).
Carpet pile is usually made of yarn or fibers of natural origin (cotton, flax, jute, sisal, coconut, wool or silk) or synthetic (polyamide, polypropylene, polyester or polyacryl).
The material pile carpet is not only the appearance of the carpet, but also its properties.
Among the natural plant materials most often used, such as linen, cotton, jute, sisal and coir.Materials of animal origin - a wool and silk
Natural floor coverings made of wool or wool blend with other fibers. As a basis use natural jute.
Wool yarn is composed of individual hairs, twisted into a continuous thread. During the first two weeks after the purchase of wool carpet or carpet from him crawl trim wool. This is normal. On the properties of wool carpets and affects quality of the wool. For example, fine-wool New Zealand wool has a beautiful view, but inferior to wear a thick and rough English wool.
Among the advantages of wool carpets can be attributed beautiful appearance and high fire rates. Among the disadvantages of wool - the accumulation of static electricity, low resistance to stains, exposure to moths and mildew, a shorter life span.
Modern manufacturers of woolen carpets have learned to compensate for the shortcomings of wool. Adding to the wool fiber 20% nylon, you can achieve good durability of carpet. Treating the yarn with special soil-repellent, anti-static-New carpet in the world
The most colorful cover today are made for children's rooms. For example, a Russian factory Balttekstil "recently released a collection of children's bedroom GOLDTAUN. U.S. company offers Durkan floor coverings for children's rooms with a vivid picture of the rare animals.
Very original cover for bedrooms and rooms with a little cross now offers a Japanese factory Kakunaka. These synthetic carpet with high pile is so soft and fluffy, they can easily be taken as natural.
Among the collections for areas with heavy load can be identified carpet INTREPID brand KRAUS, made of 100% strength nylon and has a very high strength.
Antistatic and protivomolevymi compositions can improve its properties for these indicators.
However, these days thanks to his qualities of synthetic and artificial materials are gaining increasing market share.
Artificial carpet made of synthetic fibers: nylon (polyamide), acrylic, polyester, polypropylene (olefins-on). Basis - a synthetic jute.
In Western Europe, carpet manufacturers and consumers clearly preferred polyamide, in the U.S. popular olefin.
Polypropylene (or olefin) - the most popular fiber for carpets. The advantages of using this fiber include the following:

    * Cheapness. Rug made of polypropylene is four times cheaper than a carpet made of polyamide, not to mention the hair;
    * Good resistance to stains and fading in the sun, and that it does not absorb moisture and does not accumulate static electricity.
The disadvantages of the olefin include a weak durability and fire ™. This point must be considered during installation.
The design of this coverage is unusual in that in addition to variations with different levels of loops included in it more color blotches. The collection includes coverage of 18 different colors. For example, a carpet of white color with beige highlights. In addition, the carpets from the collection INTREPID can be installed in the hallway, and even on the stairs. This is due to the fact that they are made of a new generation of fiber company Bast, which is particularly durable.

Coverage FLOTEKS

Floor covering FLOTEKS - a new material, recently appeared on the Russian market, which also has the properties of commercial carpet and PVC.
Due to the fact that polypropylene is very soft material that it is difficult to make carpets with split hair: in the process of intensive exploitation of the pile is easily crushed. All these factors led to the fact that polypropylene carpets are more widely used in everyday life.
Polyamide (nylon or) - the best synthetic fibers for carpeting. It is durable, elastic, resistant to abrasion, deformation and, very importantly, non-flammable.
For nylon carpet is very easy to care - it is easy to clean conventional vacuum cleaner. The disadvantages of nylon fibers include high cost and instability of color to sunlight (although modern PA is usually treated with special structures, which increases light resistance).
One of the best quality synthetic fibers - improved polyamide (anthrone), a trademark of DuPont.
Carpets anthrone have good gryazemaskirovku, gryazezaschitu, pyatnostoykost, antistatic and resistant to sunlight.
Coverage FLOTEKS produced by an electrostatic flocking: polyamide filament length of 2.2 mm under the influence of the electrostatic field in a fused PVC-os nova. The result is a coating with a density 10 times greater than any other carpet.
Coverage FLOTEKS can be laid not only in offices, but also where you want to use carts (hotels, supermarkets, airports). Besides FLOTEKS has been successfully applied in restaurants, cinemas, educational and sports facilities.
Coverage does not collect or delays dirt, easy to clean. High durability allows to use for cleaning coating rotary machines, which are used on ceramic and PVC flooring and is not recommended for carpet.
In addition to anthrone, there are several brands improved polyamide (for example, the concern zeftron Basf),
All materials are made of polyamide have similar properties.

    * Durability. Carpet for a long time, retains the texture and color, the pile is not trampled and worn by pedestrian traffic.
    * Save appearance. The carpet is a soft, lint, not crushed or distorted under the weight of the furniture.
    * Ease of maintenance. Carpets made of nylon is easily cleaned with normal vacuuming. Resilient, are not trampled pile easy cleaning.
    * A variety of appearance. Nylon allows unlimited palette of colors and patterns, it is suitable for any type of carpet designs.
    * Pozharobezopasnost. Nylon does not support combustion.
The disadvantages of nylon fibers include high material costs and not enough high pyatnostoykost.
From the resulting fibers make threads that are too thin for the production of these carpet pile, so they are collected into the fiber yarn.
An alternative to filament yarn can also be a yarn obtained by combing yarns in tow, which is then stretched, curling and shortened to desired length. Then the short fibers spun.The main difference between these two kinds of yarn is that the filament yarn represents dozens of long parallel fibers, while kudelnaya consists of short, twisted fibers. This difference is reflected in such properties of carpet-like appearance, quality and specific properties.
Filament yarn suitable for hinge-and clipped nap. Kudelnaya yarn, used primarily in the manufacture of velvet carpets. Carpet is available in rolls of a width of 2 to 5 m, which allows it to lay entirely in the room.
Are very important anti-static properties. When the carpet move people in sliding feet on the surface of an electric charge. Gradually, this charge accumulates, until a discharge occurs. In accordance with international standards to accumulate a charge should not exceed 2 kV.
If a man walking on a carpet and touching at the same time to conductive objects, does not feel the electric discharge - antistatic coating.
Most antistatic coatings are made of polypropylene (olefin). Most are static, wool and blended fibers, but the use of special anti-static agents in the care of carpeting is largely solves this problem.
In some types of synthetic fibers during the manufacturing process to add components of the modified coal, which reduces the static nature of the coating to a minimum. Such coatings are particularly recommended for rooms with computers and other sensitive electronic equipment.
When selecting coatings for such facilities should also be borne in mind that if the cover is made of kudelnoy yarn, there is some risk that this fibrous material ruffle, causing the appearance of dust in the air, and this in turn may disturb the operation of the equipment.
Carpeting have perfect sound-absorbing properties.
With its ability to sound absorption and sound insulation used carpet can compensate for the installation of acoustic ceilings. Carpeting greatly reduces the noise of moving chairs, a ringing phone, the printer in the office premises. Another important quality - reduction zvukootrazheniya.

Figure carpet

In order to give the desired carpet coloring, use two main methods of painting - color fibers or stain finished coating. Sometimes they are used together.
With the first method, the dye can be added to the fiber structure at the stage of its production, Vetom case color fiber will not change during the life of the carpet. Another option - paint ready-made fibers. With this method, the fibers may fade a little exposure to sunlight and other factors. But in both cases is not painted surface of the piece, and thread the entire length of pile. Therefore, carpeting made from dyed fibers, resistant to abrasion and fading.
When painting the finished product quilted layer of white fibers in a vat of paint or a system of continuous dyeing. The first option is used for small orders or in case of specific requirements for the paint. Continuous process suitable for large orders. Both processes provide the strength of color, as are produced at high temperatures.
The pattern on the carpets done in various ways. With woven carpets is simple: the picture on them can be obtained by using threads of different colors, that gives you unlimited design possibilities. Tufted carpet production method provides only a simple geometric pattern. To create more complex patterns using printing method of drawing. This is the most common ways of painting. 
Types of carpetCarpeting with a loopy pile (Loop-pilcarpet)
With the same level of the loop (Levelloop) - it's carpeting with uncut loops of equal length.
Loopy carpet can be sostegan in a compact structure and more freely, which increases the number of possible effects that can be achieved with this.
Multi-level coverage (Highlowstructure) - this carpet, which made a loop of various heights, thereby creating the volume pattern on the surface.Carpeting with a sheared pile (Cutpilcarpeting)


Along the length of pile carpeting with sheared pile can be divided into three types: the korotkovorsovye (2-3 mm long nap), srednevorsovye (3-5 mm), vysokovorsovye (more than 5 mm).
Velour (Velour) - short loopy pile is cut and hog up to an identical length.
This gives the coating a smooth, velvety surface. Depending on the yarn distinguishes classic suede, soft suede and velvet upholstery.
With intersecting loops cut. (Cross-over-cut) - identity is determined by the weave, build machines with intersecting traffic grids with needles and the number of stitches per centimeter. This type of carpet allows you to create a model that had previously been possible to achieve only through weaving
"Friese» (Frise), or "texture" - cover, made of high-twisted, heat-treated yarn. Pile of such coatings is higher than that velor, and it remains upright even after the haircut.
"Saxony» (Saxony) - kind of "fascia" with a particularly high-pile, so coverage does not look so tight.
Terry (Shag) - has the highest pile of all the carpets with close-cropped hair.Combined types
With vystrizhennymi tops nap (Tip-sheared) - made in the further processing of multilevel loopy carpet coverage (high-low structure).
Loop sections with the highest pile cut one's hair after Quilting.
With the combined sections (Cut-loop) - the carpet is composed of sections with uncut loops and loops, cut into quilt machine.
In the classical version of such a coating with a pile of sliced ​​loops are always higher than the uncut loops.
With a constant level of cut and uncut loops (Level-cut-loop).
This is one of the latest techniques with loopy and sheared pile of the same length. In the production of coatings using a special hook function loops and cutting, extracting not subject to blade cut loop pile up to the level of the cut. By combining this technique with the use of modeling devices to create high or low structure, as well as techniques of intersecting loops creates an amazing variety of models.
With the addition of Quilting (Overtufted) - is the so-called "machines with individual control needles» (ICN - Individually Controlled Need).
As a basis the unfinished carpet, which is passed through a machine with more rough templates than the machine on which it was quilted cover-base. Input of this process is sewn extra yarn colors. Programming needles allows you to create multiple color effects and variations of design carpeting.