Filiation

Perhaps life really, as stated in one advertisement, a good thing, no matter how cool. But what she and complicated thing, though one may say, though not cool, also a fact. And the complexity of these permeate all spheres of human life, and affect all of his feelings, including parenting.
In an ideal world, such questions as "Is this as my child I saw, or should be considered its own?", There should be no. But we live in is far from a perfect world, so that such questions arise frequently. For the most truthful answer to this complex issue and there is a procedure for establishing paternity. The legal side of the issue
Facets of this complex problem, two legal and medical. The legal side of this issue is more complex. In this case, the problem itself is one of the most ancient of legal problems. So, back to ancient times, is a Latin saying and legal principle, whose meaning lies in the fact that "mother has always known exactly, the father is determined by marriage." In accordance with most of the stories and build relationships in this area: the father of a child born as a man who was legally married to his mother and was carrying a family financial responsibility. At the beginning of the XIX century in the housing acts of Napoleon I, this principle was enshrined in law. In many respects, a formal approach was driven by a practical impossibility in most cases to establish for certain biological relationship between father and child. However, in the XX century, due to fundamental changes in medicine and the rapid development of this new science of genetics, the possibility of an almost absolute certainty to establish a direct relationship - came on stage DNA analysis. Citing the economic analogy, the proposal (the possibility of paternity) created a demand (the desire to a certain number of people just to establish that relationship), which in turn led to the emergence of regulations governing the procedure.
The irony of life is that state of affairs at the moment in Russia the majority of cases related to the establishment of paternity, not initiated by men and women, mothers. This is usually required in cases where you must use legal tools to force a man to admit his paternity and to induce him to child support. However, a considerable number of appeals to the court on this issue and come from men. There are a number of conditions under which paternity is recognized in the appropriate court of law:

    * In the absence of an officially registered marriage between the parents of the child;
    * In the absence of a joint declaration by the parents of the child to the registrar or the presence of only the alleged father paternity;
    * Without the consent of the guardianship authority to establish paternity to the registrar on the application child's father if the mother dies, the recognition of her dysfunctional, failure to establish the location of the mother or when deprived of her parental rights.
In turn, the judicial recognition of paternity may have serious legal consequences: in establishing a close relationship may not be allowed to marry or change the order of inheritance in individual cases. Practical component of medical problems
Purely medical part of the paternity proceedings are much simpler law. Currently, all major cities and regional centers of public and private medical institutions carry out research to compare the genetic material provided for matches in DNA molecules. If we talk about the lawsuit to establish paternity, then in this case, genetic samples alleged father and child are studied in special medical institutions. But now you can do it in private, without trial. In such a case will have to incur more substantial financial costs, but the cost of such analysis is not sky-high (you can "invest" in an amount of about 20 thousand rubles).
Scientific basis of DNA analysis as an argument for establishing paternity is the fact that a child inherits 23 chromosomes from the mother and father. Paternal and maternal chromosomes create pairs of chromosomes arranged in sequence. It is the analysis of the sequence of chromosomes (or rather, the gaps between chromosomes) and allows you to determine is this man the father of the child: a person must be a matching in DNA sequences with sequences of DNA from each parent.
The accuracy of this analysis is almost absolute, but no doctor will not give 100 percent guarantees on the study. The fact that 0.01 percent is the probability that the child's father may not be official father and his identical twins, which are exactly the same parameters of DNA. Himself a standard analysis is performed within 2 weeks, in case of urgency the results can be prepared 3 days. Collection of genetic material for analysis to establish paternity is composed of simple operations on the fence either blood or saliva. Blood sampling by health professionals: takes blood from the finger and the vein is placed in a special tube to be signed (in which blood is the father, in which - the child) and until the investigation is not stored for more than 7 days at a temperature from 2 to 8 degrees Celsius Celsius. Fence saliva can be independently investigated or health worker with a cotton stick, which is scraping the inner surface of the cheek. Smear is dried in a dark room at room temperature and placed in an envelope, which is signed by, respectively, the "father" or "child."